训练指点者方针的好坏是一个条件前提。公道地设置训练程序，使英语习作从低级到高等沿着一条循序渐进，由简到多的过程发展是胜利训练者必需具备的领导思维。本篇以为，在习作练习的初期，应采用一条从有资料可依的习作方法过渡到脱离本本进行自在写作方法的道路。从有材可依到元材可依的练习进程应包含三个阶段：
　　一、短文缩写（summary）阶段。
　　短文缩写能够是就所学课文进行缩写，也能够采取其它材料，但请求被缩写的材料难易水平不超过所学课本。被用于进行缩写的课文或其它资料必须观点明白，档次明显，叙述有条理。缩写时应做到扼要简要，捉住重点，不要快人快语，不主次。初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长，以不超一千词为佳，缩写文以不超过2m词为佳。以下就一篇短文进行缩写，限于篇幅，短文内容有所节略。
　　most shops in britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. on one or two days a week-usually thursday and/or friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.
　　many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. the days is usually wednesday orthursday and it is a different day in different towns. nearly all shops are closed on sunday. news-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. but there are legal restrictions on selling many things on sundays. many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. when you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. you queue u。高中英语作文冲刺高考必备备战考试技巧一线名师讲解,10天提高成绩,提分有技巧。at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. if anyone tries to take things from 。节约用水的作文节约用水从我做起，水是一切的生命之源。a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. most shops have store detectiv。水资源短缺因为地球上水的总量一定，饮用淡水的总量则更少，随着利用和不合理浪费越来越剧烈，水资源缺乏问题日益明显。es who have the job of catching shoplifters. shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. when you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. it is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. many people from overseas are astonished at the british habit of queuing.
　　将短文缩写如下：
　　this article tells us about british shops. british shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. nearly all shops are closed on sundays. in britain, many large food shops are self-service. and when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.
　　这是一篇不超过100词的缩写，句子根本上由原文各段落的重要内容形成。个别段落被完整删除以保障缩写重点凸起，前后连贯。缩写是一种 依材剪贴 的习作方式，基础上采取原材料中的词语跟句子，仅作了局部调剂，是最低级的习作方式。
　　二、短文评论（brief comment）阶段。
　　短评是就所学课文或材料进行评论。通过剖析原文中的内容跟观点，提出必定的见解。短评可以是对原文观点表现赞成，也可以提出异议或不同见地。如对前文便可作以下评论：
　　from the article we learned about british shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. but we find that there are something inconvenient with british shop service. first is the time. shops in britain open very late and close too early. second is that there is almost no sunday service. where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something the last is the habit of queuing. it will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.